[
  {
    "key": "pi_qi_xu",
    "slug": "pi-qi-xu",
    "name_zh": "脾气虚证",
    "name_pinyin": "Pí Qì Xū Zhèng",
    "name_en": "Spleen Qi Deficiency Pattern",
    "category": "脏腑辨证",
    "cardinal_symptoms": [
      {
        "zh": "食少纳呆",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "腹胀，食后尤甚",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "便溏",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "面色萎黄",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "肢体倦怠，少气懒言",
        "is_primary": true
      }
    ],
    "secondary_symptoms": [
      {
        "zh": "形体消瘦",
        "is_primary": false
      },
      {
        "zh": "肢体困重",
        "is_primary": false
      }
    ],
    "tongue": {
      "body": "淡",
      "coating": "白",
      "zh": "舌淡苔白",
      "en": "Pale tongue with a white coating"
    },
    "pulse": {
      "type": "缓弱",
      "zh": "脉缓弱",
      "en": "Slow and weak pulse"
    },
    "etiology_zh": "饮食不节，劳倦过度，忧思伤脾，久病失养",
    "pathomechanism_zh": "脾气不足，运化失健",
    "treatment_principle": {
      "zh": "益气健脾",
      "en": "Augment qi and fortify the Spleen"
    },
    "organ_systems": [
      "spleen"
    ],
    "verification": {
      "status": "verified",
      "reviewer": "Bencaodian Editorial / 本草典编辑部",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-04-08"
    }
  },
  {
    "key": "pi_qi_xia_xian",
    "slug": "pi-qi-xia-xian",
    "name_zh": "脾气下陷证",
    "name_pinyin": "Pí Qì Xià Xiàn Zhèng",
    "name_en": "Spleen Qi Sinking Pattern",
    "category": "脏腑辨证",
    "cardinal_symptoms": [
      {
        "zh": "脘腹重坠胀满，食后尤甚",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "便意频数，肛门坠重",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "或久泻不止，甚则脱肛",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "或子宫脱垂",
        "is_primary": true
      }
    ],
    "secondary_symptoms": [
      {
        "zh": "气短乏力",
        "is_primary": false
      },
      {
        "zh": "面色无华",
        "is_primary": false
      },
      {
        "zh": "头晕目眩",
        "is_primary": false
      }
    ],
    "tongue": {
      "body": "淡",
      "coating": "白",
      "zh": "舌淡苔白"
    },
    "pulse": {
      "type": "弱",
      "zh": "脉弱"
    },
    "pathomechanism_zh": "脾气虚弱，升举无力，清阳下陷",
    "treatment_principle": {
      "zh": "补中益气，升阳举陷",
      "en": "Tonify the middle and augment qi; raise yang and lift sinking"
    },
    "organ_systems": [
      "spleen"
    ],
    "verification": {
      "status": "verified",
      "reviewer": "Bencaodian Editorial / 本草典编辑部",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-04-08"
    }
  },
  {
    "key": "xue_xu",
    "slug": "xue-xu",
    "name_zh": "血虚证",
    "name_pinyin": "Xuè Xū Zhèng",
    "name_en": "Blood Deficiency Pattern",
    "category": "气血津液辨证",
    "cardinal_symptoms": [
      {
        "zh": "面色淡白或萎黄",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "唇甲色淡",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "头晕眼花",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "心悸失眠",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "妇女月经量少色淡，甚则经闭",
        "is_primary": true
      }
    ],
    "secondary_symptoms": [
      {
        "zh": "手足麻木",
        "is_primary": false
      }
    ],
    "tongue": {
      "body": "淡",
      "coating": "白",
      "zh": "舌淡苔白"
    },
    "pulse": {
      "type": "细",
      "zh": "脉细无力"
    },
    "pathomechanism_zh": "血液亏虚，脏腑形体失养",
    "treatment_principle": {
      "zh": "补血养血",
      "en": "Tonify and nourish blood"
    },
    "organ_systems": [
      "heart",
      "liver"
    ],
    "verification": {
      "status": "verified",
      "reviewer": "Bencaodian Editorial / 本草典编辑部",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-04-08"
    }
  },
  {
    "key": "wai_gan_feng_han_biao_shi",
    "slug": "wai-gan-feng-han-biao-shi",
    "name_zh": "外感风寒表实证",
    "name_pinyin": "Wài Gǎn Fēng Hán Biǎo Shí Zhèng",
    "name_en": "Wind-Cold Exterior Excess Pattern",
    "category": "六经辨证",
    "cardinal_symptoms": [
      {
        "zh": "恶寒发热",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "无汗",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "头身疼痛",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "气喘",
        "is_primary": true
      }
    ],
    "tongue": {
      "coating": "薄白",
      "zh": "苔薄白"
    },
    "pulse": {
      "type": "浮紧",
      "zh": "脉浮紧"
    },
    "pathomechanism_zh": "风寒之邪束表，腠理闭塞，肺气失宣",
    "treatment_principle": {
      "zh": "辛温发汗，宣肺平喘",
      "en": "Acrid-warm sweating to release the exterior; diffuse the Lung and calm wheezing"
    },
    "organ_systems": [
      "lung"
    ],
    "verification": {
      "status": "verified",
      "reviewer": "Bencaodian Editorial / 本草典编辑部",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-04-08"
    }
  },
  {
    "key": "wai_gan_feng_han_biao_xu",
    "slug": "wai-gan-feng-han-biao-xu",
    "name_zh": "外感风寒表虚证",
    "name_pinyin": "Wài Gǎn Fēng Hán Biǎo Xū Zhèng",
    "name_en": "Wind-Cold Exterior Deficiency Pattern",
    "category": "六经辨证",
    "cardinal_symptoms": [
      {
        "zh": "发热恶风",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "汗出",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "头痛",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "鼻鸣干呕",
        "is_primary": true
      }
    ],
    "tongue": {
      "coating": "薄白",
      "zh": "苔薄白"
    },
    "pulse": {
      "type": "浮缓",
      "zh": "脉浮缓"
    },
    "pathomechanism_zh": "卫强营弱，营卫不和",
    "treatment_principle": {
      "zh": "解肌发表，调和营卫",
      "en": "Release the muscle layer and harmonize ying and wei"
    },
    "organ_systems": [
      "lung"
    ],
    "verification": {
      "status": "verified",
      "reviewer": "Bencaodian Editorial / 本草典编辑部",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-04-08"
    }
  },
  {
    "key": "shaoyang_zheng",
    "slug": "shaoyang-zheng",
    "name_zh": "少阳证",
    "name_pinyin": "Shào Yáng Zhèng",
    "name_en": "Shaoyang Pattern",
    "category": "六经辨证",
    "cardinal_symptoms": [
      {
        "zh": "往来寒热",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "胸胁苦满",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "默默不欲饮食",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "心烦喜呕",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "口苦咽干，目眩",
        "is_primary": true
      }
    ],
    "tongue": {
      "coating": "白",
      "zh": "苔白"
    },
    "pulse": {
      "type": "弦",
      "zh": "脉弦"
    },
    "pathomechanism_zh": "邪犯少阳，枢机不利，胆火内郁",
    "treatment_principle": {
      "zh": "和解少阳",
      "en": "Harmonize the Shaoyang"
    },
    "organ_systems": [
      "gallbladder"
    ],
    "verification": {
      "status": "verified",
      "reviewer": "Bencaodian Editorial / 本草典编辑部",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-04-08"
    }
  },
  {
    "key": "gan_qi_yu_jie",
    "slug": "gan-qi-yu-jie",
    "name_zh": "肝气郁结证",
    "name_pinyin": "Gān Qì Yù Jié Zhèng",
    "name_en": "Liver Qi Stagnation Pattern",
    "category": "脏腑辨证",
    "cardinal_symptoms": [
      {
        "zh": "情志抑郁",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "胸胁或少腹胀痛走窜",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "善太息",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "妇女月经不调，经前乳房胀痛",
        "is_primary": true
      }
    ],
    "secondary_symptoms": [
      {
        "zh": "梅核气",
        "is_primary": false
      },
      {
        "zh": "瘿瘤",
        "is_primary": false
      }
    ],
    "tongue": {
      "coating": "薄白",
      "zh": "苔薄白"
    },
    "pulse": {
      "type": "弦",
      "zh": "脉弦"
    },
    "pathomechanism_zh": "肝失疏泄，气机郁滞",
    "treatment_principle": {
      "zh": "疏肝解郁，理气和血",
      "en": "Course the Liver and resolve depression; regulate qi and harmonize blood"
    },
    "organ_systems": [
      "liver"
    ],
    "verification": {
      "status": "verified",
      "reviewer": "Bencaodian Editorial / 本草典编辑部",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-04-08"
    }
  },
  {
    "key": "shen_yang_xu",
    "slug": "shen-yang-xu",
    "name_zh": "肾阳虚证",
    "name_pinyin": "Shèn Yáng Xū Zhèng",
    "name_en": "Kidney Yang Deficiency Pattern",
    "category": "脏腑辨证",
    "cardinal_symptoms": [
      {
        "zh": "腰膝酸软冷痛",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "畏寒肢冷，下肢尤甚",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "精神萎靡",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "阳痿不育，宫寒不孕",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "小便清长，夜尿频多",
        "is_primary": true
      }
    ],
    "secondary_symptoms": [
      {
        "zh": "面色㿠白或黧黑",
        "is_primary": false
      },
      {
        "zh": "五更泄泻",
        "is_primary": false
      },
      {
        "zh": "下肢浮肿",
        "is_primary": false
      }
    ],
    "tongue": {
      "body": "淡胖",
      "coating": "白滑",
      "zh": "舌淡胖苔白滑"
    },
    "pulse": {
      "type": "沉迟无力",
      "zh": "脉沉迟无力，尺脉尤甚"
    },
    "pathomechanism_zh": "肾阳亏虚，温煦失职，气化无权",
    "treatment_principle": {
      "zh": "温补肾阳",
      "en": "Warm and tonify kidney yang"
    },
    "organ_systems": [
      "kidney"
    ],
    "verification": {
      "status": "verified",
      "reviewer": "Bencaodian Editorial / 本草典编辑部",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-04-08"
    }
  },
  {
    "key": "tan_shi_zheng",
    "slug": "tan-shi-zheng",
    "name_zh": "痰湿证",
    "name_pinyin": "Tán Shī Zhèng",
    "name_en": "Phlegm-Damp Pattern",
    "category": "气血津液辨证",
    "cardinal_symptoms": [
      {
        "zh": "咳嗽痰多色白质稀",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "胸脘痞闷",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "恶心呕吐",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "头晕心悸",
        "is_primary": true
      }
    ],
    "secondary_symptoms": [
      {
        "zh": "肢体困重",
        "is_primary": false
      },
      {
        "zh": "食少纳呆",
        "is_primary": false
      }
    ],
    "tongue": {
      "body": "胖大",
      "coating": "白腻",
      "zh": "舌淡胖苔白腻"
    },
    "pulse": {
      "type": "滑",
      "zh": "脉滑"
    },
    "etiology_zh": "脾失健运，水湿内停，凝聚成痰",
    "pathomechanism_zh": "脾虚湿盛，痰浊内生",
    "treatment_principle": {
      "zh": "燥湿化痰，理气和中",
      "en": "Dry dampness, transform phlegm, regulate qi"
    },
    "organ_systems": [
      "spleen",
      "lung"
    ],
    "verification": {
      "status": "verified",
      "reviewer": "Bencaodian Editorial / 本草典编辑部",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-04-08"
    }
  },
  {
    "key": "yin_xu_zheng",
    "slug": "yin-xu-zheng",
    "name_zh": "阴虚证",
    "name_pinyin": "Yīn Xū Zhèng",
    "name_en": "Yin Deficiency Pattern",
    "category": "气血津液辨证",
    "cardinal_symptoms": [
      {
        "zh": "形体消瘦",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "口燥咽干",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "五心烦热",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "潮热盗汗",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "颧红",
        "is_primary": true
      }
    ],
    "secondary_symptoms": [
      {
        "zh": "小便短赤",
        "is_primary": false
      },
      {
        "zh": "大便干结",
        "is_primary": false
      }
    ],
    "tongue": {
      "body": "红",
      "coating": "少苔或无苔",
      "zh": "舌红少苔或无苔"
    },
    "pulse": {
      "type": "细数",
      "zh": "脉细数"
    },
    "etiology_zh": "热病伤阴，久病耗阴，房事不节，情志过极化火",
    "pathomechanism_zh": "阴液亏少，无以制阳，虚热内生",
    "treatment_principle": {
      "zh": "滋阴清热",
      "en": "Enrich yin and clear heat"
    },
    "organ_systems": [
      "liver",
      "kidney"
    ],
    "verification": {
      "status": "verified",
      "reviewer": "Bencaodian Editorial / 本草典编辑部",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-04-08"
    }
  },
  {
    "key": "gan_yang_shang_kang",
    "slug": "gan-yang-shang-kang",
    "name_zh": "肝阳上亢证",
    "name_pinyin": "Gān Yáng Shàng Kàng Zhèng",
    "name_en": "Liver Yang Rising Pattern",
    "category": "脏腑辨证",
    "cardinal_symptoms": [
      {
        "zh": "眩晕耳鸣",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "头目胀痛",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "面红目赤",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "急躁易怒",
        "is_primary": true
      }
    ],
    "secondary_symptoms": [
      {
        "zh": "失眠多梦",
        "is_primary": false
      },
      {
        "zh": "腰膝酸软",
        "is_primary": false
      },
      {
        "zh": "口苦",
        "is_primary": false
      }
    ],
    "tongue": {
      "body": "红",
      "coating": "黄",
      "zh": "舌红苔黄"
    },
    "pulse": {
      "type": "弦数有力",
      "zh": "脉弦数有力"
    },
    "etiology_zh": "情志失调，肝郁化火；或肝肾阴虚，水不涵木，阳亢于上",
    "pathomechanism_zh": "肝肾阴虚于下，肝阳亢逆于上",
    "treatment_principle": {
      "zh": "平肝潜阳，滋阴降火",
      "en": "Pacify the Liver, subdue yang, enrich yin and direct fire downward"
    },
    "organ_systems": [
      "liver",
      "kidney"
    ],
    "verification": {
      "status": "verified",
      "reviewer": "Bencaodian Editorial / 本草典编辑部",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-04-08"
    }
  },
  {
    "key": "yang_ming_fu_shi",
    "slug": "yang-ming-fu-shi",
    "name_zh": "阳明腑实证",
    "name_pinyin": "Yáng Míng Fǔ Shí Zhèng",
    "name_en": "Yangming Bowel Excess Pattern",
    "category": "六经辨证",
    "cardinal_symptoms": [
      {
        "zh": "日晡潮热",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "腹满硬痛拒按",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "大便秘结",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "甚则神昏谵语",
        "is_primary": true
      }
    ],
    "secondary_symptoms": [
      {
        "zh": "手足濈然汗出",
        "is_primary": false
      },
      {
        "zh": "小便短赤",
        "is_primary": false
      }
    ],
    "tongue": {
      "body": "红",
      "coating": "黄燥起芒刺甚则焦黑",
      "zh": "舌红苔黄燥或焦黑起刺"
    },
    "pulse": {
      "type": "沉实有力",
      "zh": "脉沉实有力"
    },
    "etiology_zh": "外感邪气化热，与肠中糟粕相结，形成燥屎",
    "pathomechanism_zh": "邪热与糟粕相搏，结于阳明之腑",
    "treatment_principle": {
      "zh": "峻下热结",
      "en": "Drastically purge heat accumulation"
    },
    "organ_systems": [
      "large_intestine",
      "stomach"
    ],
    "verification": {
      "status": "verified",
      "reviewer": "Bencaodian Editorial / 本草典编辑部",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-04-08"
    }
  },
  {
    "key": "qi_xue_liang_xu",
    "slug": "qi-xue-liang-xu",
    "name_zh": "气血两虚证",
    "name_pinyin": "Qì Xuè Liǎng Xū Zhèng",
    "name_en": "Qi and Blood Dual Deficiency Pattern",
    "category": "气血津液辨证",
    "cardinal_symptoms": [
      {
        "zh": "面色淡白或萎黄",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "头晕眼花",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "心悸失眠",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "气短懒言",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "肢体倦怠",
        "is_primary": true
      }
    ],
    "secondary_symptoms": [
      {
        "zh": "形体消瘦",
        "is_primary": false
      },
      {
        "zh": "纳少便溏",
        "is_primary": false
      },
      {
        "zh": "月经量少色淡",
        "is_primary": false
      }
    ],
    "tongue": {
      "body": "淡",
      "coating": "白",
      "zh": "舌淡苔白"
    },
    "pulse": {
      "type": "细弱",
      "zh": "脉细弱"
    },
    "etiology_zh": "久病不愈，先伤气后伤血；或失血过多，气随血脱；或脾胃虚弱，气血生化无源",
    "pathomechanism_zh": "气虚与血虚并存，气不生血，血不养气",
    "treatment_principle": {
      "zh": "气血双补",
      "en": "Tonify both qi and blood"
    },
    "organ_systems": [
      "spleen",
      "heart",
      "liver"
    ],
    "verification": {
      "status": "verified",
      "reviewer": "Bencaodian Editorial / 本草典编辑部",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-04-08"
    }
  },
  {
    "key": "mei_he_qi",
    "slug": "mei-he-qi",
    "name_zh": "梅核气",
    "name_pinyin": "Méi Hé Qì",
    "name_en": "Plum Pit Qi",
    "category": "气血津液辨证",
    "cardinal_symptoms": [
      {
        "zh": "咽中如有梅核梗阻",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "咯之不出",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "咽之不下",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "胸胁满闷",
        "is_primary": true
      }
    ],
    "secondary_symptoms": [
      {
        "zh": "情志抑郁，善太息",
        "is_primary": false
      },
      {
        "zh": "或咳嗽痰多",
        "is_primary": false
      }
    ],
    "tongue": {
      "body": "淡红",
      "coating": "白润或白腻",
      "zh": "舌淡红苔白润或白腻"
    },
    "pulse": {
      "type": "弦缓或弦滑",
      "zh": "脉弦缓或弦滑"
    },
    "etiology_zh": "情志不遂，肝气郁结，痰气互结于咽喉",
    "pathomechanism_zh": "气郁痰凝，结于咽喉",
    "treatment_principle": {
      "zh": "行气散结，降逆化痰",
      "en": "Move qi and dissipate nodulation; descend rebellion and transform phlegm"
    },
    "organ_systems": [
      "liver",
      "lung",
      "stomach"
    ],
    "verification": {
      "status": "verified",
      "reviewer": "Bencaodian Editorial / 本草典编辑部",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-04-08"
    }
  },
  {
    "key": "shi_zu_zhong_jiao",
    "slug": "shi-zu-zhong-jiao",
    "name_zh": "湿阻中焦证",
    "name_pinyin": "Shī Zǔ Zhōng Jiāo Zhèng",
    "name_en": "Damp Obstructing the Middle Burner Pattern",
    "category": "六经辨证",
    "cardinal_symptoms": [
      {
        "zh": "脘腹痞闷胀满",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "纳呆食少",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "口淡无味或口甜口黏",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "肢体困重",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "大便溏薄",
        "is_primary": true
      }
    ],
    "secondary_symptoms": [
      {
        "zh": "恶心欲吐",
        "is_primary": false
      },
      {
        "zh": "头重如裹",
        "is_primary": false
      }
    ],
    "tongue": {
      "body": "淡胖有齿痕",
      "coating": "白腻",
      "zh": "舌淡胖苔白腻"
    },
    "pulse": {
      "type": "濡缓",
      "zh": "脉濡缓"
    },
    "etiology_zh": "饮食不节，过食生冷油腻；或外感湿邪，困遏脾胃",
    "pathomechanism_zh": "湿邪困遏中焦，脾胃运化失常",
    "treatment_principle": {
      "zh": "燥湿运脾，行气和胃",
      "en": "Dry dampness and transport in the Spleen; move qi and harmonize the Stomach"
    },
    "organ_systems": [
      "spleen",
      "stomach"
    ],
    "verification": {
      "status": "verified",
      "reviewer": "Bencaodian Editorial / 本草典编辑部",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-04-08"
    }
  },
  {
    "key": "xin_qi_xu",
    "slug": "xin-qi-xu",
    "name_zh": "心气虚证",
    "name_pinyin": "Xīn Qì Xū Zhèng",
    "name_en": "Heart Qi Deficiency Pattern",
    "category": "脏腑辨证",
    "cardinal_symptoms": [
      {
        "zh": "心悸怔忡",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "气短，活动后加剧",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "神疲乏力",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "自汗",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "面色淡白",
        "is_primary": true
      }
    ],
    "secondary_symptoms": [
      {
        "zh": "胸闷不舒",
        "is_primary": false
      },
      {
        "zh": "少气懒言",
        "is_primary": false
      }
    ],
    "tongue": {
      "body": "淡",
      "coating": "白",
      "zh": "舌淡苔白",
      "en": "Pale tongue with a white coating"
    },
    "pulse": {
      "type": "虚",
      "zh": "脉虚或结代",
      "en": "Deficient pulse, sometimes knotted or intermittent"
    },
    "etiology_zh": "素体虚弱，久病失养，年高脏气衰弱，或汗下太过，耗伤心气",
    "pathomechanism_zh": "心气不足，鼓动无力，心神失养",
    "treatment_principle": {
      "zh": "补益心气，养心安神",
      "en": "Tonify Heart qi and calm the spirit"
    },
    "organ_systems": [
      "heart"
    ],
    "verification": {
      "status": "draft",
      "reviewer": "Bencao Dian Editorial",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-04-09"
    }
  },
  {
    "key": "xin_xue_xu",
    "slug": "xin-xue-xu",
    "name_zh": "心血虚证",
    "name_pinyin": "Xīn Xuè Xū Zhèng",
    "name_en": "Heart Blood Deficiency Pattern",
    "category": "脏腑辨证",
    "cardinal_symptoms": [
      {
        "zh": "心悸",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "失眠多梦",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "头晕目眩",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "面色无华",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "唇舌色淡",
        "is_primary": true
      }
    ],
    "secondary_symptoms": [
      {
        "zh": "健忘",
        "is_primary": false
      },
      {
        "zh": "手足麻木",
        "is_primary": false
      }
    ],
    "tongue": {
      "body": "淡",
      "coating": "白",
      "zh": "舌淡苔白",
      "en": "Pale tongue with a thin white coating"
    },
    "pulse": {
      "type": "细弱",
      "zh": "脉细弱",
      "en": "Thin and weak pulse"
    },
    "etiology_zh": "脾胃虚弱，生化乏源；或劳神过度，暗耗心血；或失血过多，心血亏虚",
    "pathomechanism_zh": "心血不足，心失所养，神不守舍",
    "treatment_principle": {
      "zh": "补血养心，益气安神",
      "en": "Nourish blood and the Heart; augment qi and calm the spirit"
    },
    "organ_systems": [
      "heart"
    ],
    "verification": {
      "status": "draft",
      "reviewer": "Bencao Dian Editorial",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-04-09"
    }
  },
  {
    "key": "xin_yang_xu",
    "slug": "xin-yang-xu",
    "name_zh": "心阳虚证",
    "name_pinyin": "Xīn Yáng Xū Zhèng",
    "name_en": "Heart Yang Deficiency Pattern",
    "category": "脏腑辨证",
    "cardinal_symptoms": [
      {
        "zh": "心悸怔忡",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "胸闷胸痛",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "畏寒肢冷",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "面色㿠白",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "气短自汗",
        "is_primary": true
      }
    ],
    "secondary_symptoms": [
      {
        "zh": "神疲乏力",
        "is_primary": false
      },
      {
        "zh": "唇甲青紫",
        "is_primary": false
      }
    ],
    "tongue": {
      "body": "淡胖",
      "coating": "白滑",
      "zh": "舌淡胖苔白滑",
      "en": "Pale, swollen tongue with a slippery white coating"
    },
    "pulse": {
      "type": "沉迟微细",
      "zh": "脉沉迟微细，或结代",
      "en": "Deep, slow, faint and thin pulse, sometimes knotted or intermittent"
    },
    "etiology_zh": "心气虚进一步发展，或久病体弱，年高脏气虚衰，寒邪内侵，损伤心阳",
    "pathomechanism_zh": "心阳虚衰，温煦失职，血行不畅，寒凝心脉",
    "treatment_principle": {
      "zh": "温补心阳，振奋心神",
      "en": "Warm and tonify Heart yang; invigorate the spirit"
    },
    "organ_systems": [
      "heart"
    ],
    "verification": {
      "status": "draft",
      "reviewer": "Bencao Dian Editorial",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-04-09"
    }
  },
  {
    "key": "xin_yin_xu",
    "slug": "xin-yin-xu",
    "name_zh": "心阴虚证",
    "name_pinyin": "Xīn Yīn Xū Zhèng",
    "name_en": "Heart Yin Deficiency Pattern",
    "category": "脏腑辨证",
    "cardinal_symptoms": [
      {
        "zh": "心悸心烦",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "失眠多梦",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "五心烦热",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "潮热盗汗",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "两颧发红",
        "is_primary": true
      }
    ],
    "secondary_symptoms": [
      {
        "zh": "口燥咽干",
        "is_primary": false
      },
      {
        "zh": "健忘多梦",
        "is_primary": false
      }
    ],
    "tongue": {
      "body": "红",
      "coating": "少",
      "zh": "舌红少津少苔",
      "en": "Red tongue with scant fluids and little coating"
    },
    "pulse": {
      "type": "细数",
      "zh": "脉细数",
      "en": "Thin and rapid pulse"
    },
    "etiology_zh": "思虑劳神过度，暗耗心阴；或热病后期，耗伤阴液；或肝肾阴虚，水不济火",
    "pathomechanism_zh": "心阴亏虚，虚热内扰，心神不宁",
    "treatment_principle": {
      "zh": "滋阴降火，养心安神",
      "en": "Enrich yin and direct fire downward; nourish the Heart and calm the spirit"
    },
    "organ_systems": [
      "heart"
    ],
    "verification": {
      "status": "draft",
      "reviewer": "Bencao Dian Editorial",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-04-09"
    }
  },
  {
    "key": "fei_qi_xu",
    "slug": "fei-qi-xu",
    "name_zh": "肺气虚证",
    "name_pinyin": "Fèi Qì Xū Zhèng",
    "name_en": "Lung Qi Deficiency Pattern",
    "category": "脏腑辨证",
    "cardinal_symptoms": [
      {
        "zh": "咳喘无力，气短声低",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "痰液清稀",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "神疲乏力，自汗畏风",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "易感冒",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "面色淡白",
        "is_primary": true
      }
    ],
    "secondary_symptoms": [
      {
        "zh": "少气懒言",
        "is_primary": false
      },
      {
        "zh": "语声低微",
        "is_primary": false
      }
    ],
    "tongue": {
      "body": "淡",
      "coating": "白",
      "zh": "舌淡苔白",
      "en": "Pale tongue with a white coating"
    },
    "pulse": {
      "type": "弱",
      "zh": "脉弱",
      "en": "Weak pulse"
    },
    "etiology_zh": "久咳伤肺，劳伤过度；或脾虚化源不足，土不生金；或禀赋素虚",
    "pathomechanism_zh": "肺气亏虚，宣降失职，卫外不固",
    "treatment_principle": {
      "zh": "补益肺气，固表敛汗",
      "en": "Tonify Lung qi; secure the exterior and restrain sweating"
    },
    "organ_systems": [
      "lung"
    ],
    "verification": {
      "status": "draft",
      "reviewer": "Bencao Dian Editorial",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-04-09"
    }
  },
  {
    "key": "fei_yin_xu",
    "slug": "fei-yin-xu",
    "name_zh": "肺阴虚证",
    "name_pinyin": "Fèi Yīn Xū Zhèng",
    "name_en": "Lung Yin Deficiency Pattern",
    "category": "脏腑辨证",
    "cardinal_symptoms": [
      {
        "zh": "干咳无痰，或痰少而粘",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "痰中带血",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "口燥咽干，声音嘶哑",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "午后潮热，五心烦热",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "颧红盗汗",
        "is_primary": true
      }
    ],
    "secondary_symptoms": [
      {
        "zh": "形体消瘦",
        "is_primary": false
      },
      {
        "zh": "咽喉干痛",
        "is_primary": false
      }
    ],
    "tongue": {
      "body": "红",
      "coating": "少",
      "zh": "舌红少津少苔",
      "en": "Red tongue with scant fluids and little coating"
    },
    "pulse": {
      "type": "细数",
      "zh": "脉细数",
      "en": "Thin and rapid pulse"
    },
    "etiology_zh": "久咳伤肺，耗伤肺阴；或痨虫袭肺；或热病后期，肺阴亏耗",
    "pathomechanism_zh": "肺阴亏虚，虚热内生，肺失清润",
    "treatment_principle": {
      "zh": "滋阴润肺，清热止咳",
      "en": "Enrich yin and moisten the Lung; clear heat and stop cough"
    },
    "organ_systems": [
      "lung"
    ],
    "verification": {
      "status": "draft",
      "reviewer": "Bencao Dian Editorial",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-04-09"
    }
  },
  {
    "key": "gan_xue_xu",
    "slug": "gan-xue-xu",
    "name_zh": "肝血虚证",
    "name_pinyin": "Gān Xuè Xū Zhèng",
    "name_en": "Liver Blood Deficiency Pattern",
    "category": "脏腑辨证",
    "cardinal_symptoms": [
      {
        "zh": "头晕目眩",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "视物模糊或夜盲",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "肢体麻木，筋脉拘急",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "爪甲不荣",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "妇女月经量少色淡，甚则闭经",
        "is_primary": true
      }
    ],
    "secondary_symptoms": [
      {
        "zh": "面色萎黄无华",
        "is_primary": false
      },
      {
        "zh": "耳鸣",
        "is_primary": false
      }
    ],
    "tongue": {
      "body": "淡",
      "coating": "白",
      "zh": "舌淡苔白",
      "en": "Pale tongue with a thin white coating"
    },
    "pulse": {
      "type": "细",
      "zh": "脉细",
      "en": "Thin pulse"
    },
    "etiology_zh": "脾胃虚弱，生化之源不足；或失血过多；或久病耗伤肝血；或肾精亏虚，精不化血",
    "pathomechanism_zh": "肝血不足，筋目失养，冲任失充",
    "treatment_principle": {
      "zh": "补血养肝",
      "en": "Tonify blood and nourish the Liver"
    },
    "organ_systems": [
      "liver"
    ],
    "verification": {
      "status": "draft",
      "reviewer": "Bencao Dian Editorial",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-04-09"
    }
  },
  {
    "key": "gan_yin_xu",
    "slug": "gan-yin-xu",
    "name_zh": "肝阴虚证",
    "name_pinyin": "Gān Yīn Xū Zhèng",
    "name_en": "Liver Yin Deficiency Pattern",
    "category": "脏腑辨证",
    "cardinal_symptoms": [
      {
        "zh": "头晕目眩",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "两目干涩，视物模糊",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "胁肋隐痛，绵绵不休",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "五心烦热，潮热盗汗",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "口咽干燥",
        "is_primary": true
      }
    ],
    "secondary_symptoms": [
      {
        "zh": "面部烘热或颧红",
        "is_primary": false
      },
      {
        "zh": "手足蠕动",
        "is_primary": false
      },
      {
        "zh": "急躁易怒",
        "is_primary": false
      }
    ],
    "tongue": {
      "body": "红",
      "coating": "少苔",
      "zh": "舌红少津，少苔",
      "en": "Red tongue with scanty fluids and scanty coating"
    },
    "pulse": {
      "type": "弦细数",
      "zh": "脉弦细数",
      "en": "Wiry, thin, and rapid pulse"
    },
    "etiology_zh": "情志不遂，气郁化火，暗耗阴血；或温热病后期耗伤肝阴；或肾阴不足，水不涵木",
    "pathomechanism_zh": "肝阴亏虚，阴不制阳，虚热内生，肝络失于濡养",
    "treatment_principle": {
      "zh": "滋养肝阴，兼清虚热",
      "en": "Enrich Liver yin and clear deficiency heat"
    },
    "organ_systems": [
      "liver"
    ],
    "verification": {
      "status": "draft",
      "reviewer": "Bencao Dian Editorial",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-04-09"
    }
  },
  {
    "key": "shen_yin_xu",
    "slug": "shen-yin-xu",
    "name_zh": "肾阴虚证",
    "name_pinyin": "Shèn Yīn Xū Zhèng",
    "name_en": "Kidney Yin Deficiency Pattern",
    "category": "脏腑辨证",
    "cardinal_symptoms": [
      {
        "zh": "腰膝酸软而痛",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "头晕耳鸣",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "五心烦热，潮热盗汗",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "颧红",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "失眠多梦",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "男子遗精早泄，女子经少经闭或崩漏",
        "is_primary": true
      }
    ],
    "secondary_symptoms": [
      {
        "zh": "形体消瘦",
        "is_primary": false
      },
      {
        "zh": "口燥咽干",
        "is_primary": false
      },
      {
        "zh": "大便干结",
        "is_primary": false
      }
    ],
    "tongue": {
      "body": "红",
      "coating": "少苔",
      "zh": "舌红少津，少苔",
      "en": "Red tongue with scanty fluids and scanty coating"
    },
    "pulse": {
      "type": "细数",
      "zh": "脉细数",
      "en": "Thin and rapid pulse"
    },
    "etiology_zh": "禀赋不足，房劳过度；或久病伤肾；或温热病后期耗伤肾阴；或过服温燥之品",
    "pathomechanism_zh": "肾阴亏虚，髓海不充，虚火内扰，阴不制阳",
    "treatment_principle": {
      "zh": "滋补肾阴",
      "en": "Enrich and supplement Kidney yin"
    },
    "organ_systems": [
      "kidney"
    ],
    "verification": {
      "status": "draft",
      "reviewer": "Bencao Dian Editorial",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-04-09"
    }
  },
  {
    "key": "wei_yin_xu",
    "slug": "wei-yin-xu",
    "name_zh": "胃阴虚证",
    "name_pinyin": "Wèi Yīn Xū Zhèng",
    "name_en": "Stomach Yin Deficiency Pattern",
    "category": "脏腑辨证",
    "cardinal_symptoms": [
      {
        "zh": "胃脘嘈杂，隐隐灼痛",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "饥不欲食",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "口干咽燥",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "大便干结",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "干呕呃逆",
        "is_primary": true
      }
    ],
    "secondary_symptoms": [
      {
        "zh": "脘痞不舒",
        "is_primary": false
      },
      {
        "zh": "五心烦热",
        "is_primary": false
      },
      {
        "zh": "小便短少",
        "is_primary": false
      }
    ],
    "tongue": {
      "body": "红",
      "coating": "少苔或花剥",
      "zh": "舌红少津，苔少或花剥，甚则光红无苔",
      "en": "Red tongue with scanty fluids and little or peeled (geographic) coating, sometimes mirror-smooth"
    },
    "pulse": {
      "type": "细数",
      "zh": "脉细数",
      "en": "Thin and rapid pulse"
    },
    "etiology_zh": "温热病后期灼伤胃阴；或吐泻太过，伤津耗液；或过食辛辣香燥；或情志不遂，气郁化火伤阴",
    "pathomechanism_zh": "胃阴亏虚，胃失濡润，虚热内生，胃失和降",
    "treatment_principle": {
      "zh": "滋养胃阴，兼清虚热",
      "en": "Enrich Stomach yin and clear deficiency heat"
    },
    "organ_systems": [
      "stomach"
    ],
    "verification": {
      "status": "draft",
      "reviewer": "Bencao Dian Editorial",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-04-09"
    }
  },
  {
    "key": "wei_han",
    "slug": "wei-han",
    "name_zh": "胃寒证",
    "name_pinyin": "Wèi Hán Zhèng",
    "name_en": "Stomach Cold Pattern",
    "category": "脏腑辨证",
    "cardinal_symptoms": [
      {
        "zh": "胃脘冷痛，轻则绵绵不已，重则拘急剧痛",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "得温痛减，遇寒加重",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "呕吐清水痰涎",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "食后腹胀",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "口淡不渴",
        "is_primary": true
      }
    ],
    "secondary_symptoms": [
      {
        "zh": "畏寒肢冷",
        "is_primary": false
      },
      {
        "zh": "面色㿠白",
        "is_primary": false
      },
      {
        "zh": "肠鸣漉漉",
        "is_primary": false
      }
    ],
    "tongue": {
      "body": "淡胖",
      "coating": "白滑",
      "zh": "舌淡胖，苔白滑",
      "en": "Pale, swollen tongue with a white, slippery coating"
    },
    "pulse": {
      "type": "迟或弦紧",
      "zh": "脉迟，或弦紧",
      "en": "Slow pulse, or wiry and tight"
    },
    "etiology_zh": "过食生冷，寒邪直中胃腑；或脘腹受凉；或劳倦过度，中阳受损",
    "pathomechanism_zh": "寒邪客胃，或中阳不足，胃失温煦，气机凝滞，胃失和降",
    "treatment_principle": {
      "zh": "温胃散寒，行气止痛",
      "en": "Warm the Stomach and dissipate cold; move qi and relieve pain"
    },
    "organ_systems": [
      "stomach"
    ],
    "verification": {
      "status": "draft",
      "reviewer": "Bencao Dian Editorial",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-04-09"
    }
  },
  {
    "key": "wei_re",
    "slug": "wei-re",
    "name_zh": "胃热证",
    "name_pinyin": "Wèi Rè Zhèng",
    "name_en": "Stomach Heat Pattern",
    "category": "脏腑辨证",
    "cardinal_symptoms": [
      {
        "zh": "胃脘灼痛，嘈杂泛酸",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "消谷善饥",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "口臭",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "牙龈肿痛出血",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "大便秘结",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "口渴喜冷饮",
        "is_primary": true
      }
    ],
    "secondary_symptoms": [
      {
        "zh": "小便短黄",
        "is_primary": false
      },
      {
        "zh": "面赤身热",
        "is_primary": false
      },
      {
        "zh": "或呕吐酸苦",
        "is_primary": false
      }
    ],
    "tongue": {
      "body": "红",
      "coating": "黄",
      "zh": "舌红苔黄",
      "en": "Red tongue with a yellow coating"
    },
    "pulse": {
      "type": "滑数",
      "zh": "脉滑数",
      "en": "Slippery and rapid pulse"
    },
    "etiology_zh": "过食辛辣肥甘厚味，化热生火；或邪热犯胃；或情志不遂，肝郁化火犯胃",
    "pathomechanism_zh": "胃火炽盛，胃腑气机壅滞，灼伤津液，胃失和降",
    "treatment_principle": {
      "zh": "清胃泻火",
      "en": "Clear the Stomach and drain fire"
    },
    "organ_systems": [
      "stomach"
    ],
    "verification": {
      "status": "draft",
      "reviewer": "Bencao Dian Editorial",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-04-09"
    }
  },
  {
    "key": "da_chang_shi_re",
    "slug": "da-chang-shi-re",
    "name_zh": "大肠湿热证",
    "name_pinyin": "Dà Cháng Shī Rè Zhèng",
    "name_en": "Large Intestine Damp-Heat Pattern",
    "category": "脏腑辨证",
    "cardinal_symptoms": [
      {
        "zh": "腹痛",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "下痢脓血，赤白相兼，或暴注下迫",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "里急后重",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "肛门灼热",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "小便短赤",
        "is_primary": true
      }
    ],
    "secondary_symptoms": [
      {
        "zh": "发热口渴",
        "is_primary": false
      },
      {
        "zh": "恶心呕吐",
        "is_primary": false
      },
      {
        "zh": "胸脘痞闷",
        "is_primary": false
      }
    ],
    "tongue": {
      "body": "红",
      "coating": "黄腻",
      "zh": "舌红，苔黄腻",
      "en": "Red tongue with a yellow, greasy coating"
    },
    "pulse": {
      "type": "滑数",
      "zh": "脉滑数",
      "en": "Slippery and rapid pulse"
    },
    "etiology_zh": "饮食不洁，过食肥甘辛辣或生冷腐败之物；或外感暑湿热毒之邪，内犯肠腑",
    "pathomechanism_zh": "湿热内蕴大肠，壅滞气血，腑气不通，脂膜血络受伤，传导失司",
    "treatment_principle": {
      "zh": "清热燥湿，调气行血",
      "en": "Clear heat and dry dampness; regulate qi and move blood"
    },
    "organ_systems": [
      "large_intestine"
    ],
    "verification": {
      "status": "draft",
      "reviewer": "Bencao Dian Editorial",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-04-09"
    }
  },
  {
    "key": "pang_guang_shi_re",
    "slug": "pang-guang-shi-re",
    "name_zh": "膀胱湿热证",
    "name_pinyin": "Páng Guāng Shī Rè Zhèng",
    "name_en": "Bladder Damp-Heat Pattern",
    "category": "脏腑辨证",
    "cardinal_symptoms": [
      {
        "zh": "小便频急，短赤灼痛",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "淋沥不畅",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "尿血或排尿困难，或尿有砂石",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "少腹胀痛",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "发热，或腰部胀痛",
        "is_primary": true
      }
    ],
    "secondary_symptoms": [
      {
        "zh": "口苦口黏",
        "is_primary": false
      },
      {
        "zh": "口渴不欲多饮",
        "is_primary": false
      }
    ],
    "tongue": {
      "body": "红",
      "coating": "黄腻",
      "zh": "舌红，苔黄腻",
      "en": "Red tongue with a yellow, greasy coating"
    },
    "pulse": {
      "type": "滑数",
      "zh": "脉滑数",
      "en": "Slippery and rapid pulse"
    },
    "etiology_zh": "外感湿热之邪，蕴结下焦；或饮食不节，嗜食肥甘辛辣，湿热内生，下注膀胱",
    "pathomechanism_zh": "湿热蕴结膀胱，气化不利，水道不畅，热伤血络",
    "treatment_principle": {
      "zh": "清热利湿通淋",
      "en": "Clear heat, disinhibit dampness, and free strangury"
    },
    "organ_systems": [
      "bladder"
    ],
    "verification": {
      "status": "draft",
      "reviewer": "Bencao Dian Editorial",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-04-09"
    }
  },
  {
    "key": "tai_yin_bing",
    "slug": "tai-yin-bing",
    "name_zh": "太阴病证",
    "name_pinyin": "Tài Yīn Bìng Zhèng",
    "name_en": "Taiyin Stage Pattern",
    "category": "六经辨证",
    "cardinal_symptoms": [
      {
        "zh": "腹满而吐",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "食不下",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "自利不渴",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "时腹自痛",
        "is_primary": true
      }
    ],
    "secondary_symptoms": [
      {
        "zh": "四肢不温",
        "is_primary": false
      },
      {
        "zh": "神疲乏力",
        "is_primary": false
      }
    ],
    "tongue": {
      "body": "淡",
      "coating": "白",
      "zh": "舌淡苔白",
      "en": "Pale tongue with white coating"
    },
    "pulse": {
      "type": "沉缓",
      "zh": "脉沉缓或迟",
      "en": "Deep and moderate or slow pulse"
    },
    "etiology_zh": "外邪直中太阴，或三阳病误治损伤脾阳，寒湿内盛",
    "pathomechanism_zh": "脾阳虚衰，运化失司，寒湿内停，升降失常",
    "treatment_principle": {
      "zh": "温中散寒，健脾燥湿",
      "en": "Warm the middle and dispel cold, strengthen spleen and dry dampness"
    },
    "organ_systems": [
      "spleen"
    ],
    "verification": {
      "status": "draft",
      "reviewer": "Bencao Dian Editorial",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-04-09"
    }
  },
  {
    "key": "shao_yin_han_hua",
    "slug": "shao-yin-han-hua",
    "name_zh": "少阴寒化证",
    "name_pinyin": "Shào Yīn Hán Huà Zhèng",
    "name_en": "Shaoyin Cold Transformation Pattern",
    "category": "六经辨证",
    "cardinal_symptoms": [
      {
        "zh": "但欲寐",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "恶寒踡卧",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "四肢厥逆",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "下利清谷",
        "is_primary": true
      }
    ],
    "secondary_symptoms": [
      {
        "zh": "呕吐不渴",
        "is_primary": false
      },
      {
        "zh": "小便清长",
        "is_primary": false
      }
    ],
    "tongue": {
      "body": "淡",
      "coating": "白滑",
      "zh": "舌淡苔白滑",
      "en": "Pale tongue with white slippery coating"
    },
    "pulse": {
      "type": "微细",
      "zh": "脉微细",
      "en": "Faint and thin pulse"
    },
    "etiology_zh": "心肾阳虚，或误汗误下损伤少阴阳气，阴寒内盛",
    "pathomechanism_zh": "心肾阳衰，阴寒内盛，阳气不能温煦四末，气化失司",
    "treatment_principle": {
      "zh": "回阳救逆",
      "en": "Restore yang and rescue from counterflow"
    },
    "organ_systems": [
      "heart",
      "kidney"
    ],
    "verification": {
      "status": "draft",
      "reviewer": "Bencao Dian Editorial",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-04-09"
    }
  },
  {
    "key": "jue_yin_bing",
    "slug": "jue-yin-bing",
    "name_zh": "厥阴病证",
    "name_pinyin": "Jué Yīn Bìng Zhèng",
    "name_en": "Jueyin Stage Pattern",
    "category": "六经辨证",
    "cardinal_symptoms": [
      {
        "zh": "消渴",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "气上撞心，心中疼热",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "饥而不欲食，食则吐蛔",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "手足厥冷与发热往来",
        "is_primary": true
      }
    ],
    "secondary_symptoms": [
      {
        "zh": "下之利不止",
        "is_primary": false
      },
      {
        "zh": "烦躁不安",
        "is_primary": false
      }
    ],
    "tongue": {
      "body": "红",
      "coating": "或白或黄",
      "zh": "舌质红苔或白或黄",
      "en": "Red tongue with white or yellow coating"
    },
    "pulse": {
      "type": "微弱或弦",
      "zh": "脉微弱或弦",
      "en": "Faint or wiry pulse"
    },
    "etiology_zh": "病至厥阴，肝失疏泄，阴阳气不相顺接，寒热错杂",
    "pathomechanism_zh": "厥阴肝经寒热错杂，阴阳胜复，上热下寒",
    "treatment_principle": {
      "zh": "寒热并调，和解厥阴",
      "en": "Harmonize cold and heat, reconcile Jueyin"
    },
    "organ_systems": [
      "liver",
      "pericardium"
    ],
    "verification": {
      "status": "draft",
      "reviewer": "Bencao Dian Editorial",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-04-09"
    }
  },
  {
    "key": "yang_ming_jing_zheng",
    "slug": "yang-ming-jing-zheng",
    "name_zh": "阳明经证",
    "name_pinyin": "Yáng Míng Jīng Zhèng",
    "name_en": "Yangming Channel Pattern",
    "category": "六经辨证",
    "cardinal_symptoms": [
      {
        "zh": "身大热",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "大汗出",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "大渴引饮",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "脉洪大",
        "is_primary": true
      }
    ],
    "secondary_symptoms": [
      {
        "zh": "面赤心烦",
        "is_primary": false
      },
      {
        "zh": "气粗息促",
        "is_primary": false
      }
    ],
    "tongue": {
      "body": "红",
      "coating": "黄燥",
      "zh": "舌红苔黄燥",
      "en": "Red tongue with dry yellow coating"
    },
    "pulse": {
      "type": "洪大",
      "zh": "脉洪大有力",
      "en": "Surging and large forceful pulse"
    },
    "etiology_zh": "太阳病失治，邪热入里化燥，传入阳明经，充斥内外",
    "pathomechanism_zh": "邪热内传阳明，里热炽盛，弥漫全身，热盛伤津",
    "treatment_principle": {
      "zh": "辛寒清气，生津止渴",
      "en": "Acrid-cold to clear qi-level heat, generate fluids and stop thirst"
    },
    "organ_systems": [
      "stomach",
      "large_intestine"
    ],
    "verification": {
      "status": "draft",
      "reviewer": "Bencao Dian Editorial",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-04-09"
    }
  },
  {
    "key": "wei_fen_zheng",
    "slug": "wei-fen-zheng",
    "name_zh": "卫分证",
    "name_pinyin": "Wèi Fēn Zhèng",
    "name_en": "Wei-level (Defense) Pattern",
    "category": "卫气营血辨证",
    "cardinal_symptoms": [
      {
        "zh": "发热微恶风寒",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "头痛",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "咳嗽",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "口微渴",
        "is_primary": true
      }
    ],
    "secondary_symptoms": [
      {
        "zh": "咽红或痛",
        "is_primary": false
      },
      {
        "zh": "无汗或少汗",
        "is_primary": false
      }
    ],
    "tongue": {
      "body": "边尖红",
      "coating": "薄白",
      "zh": "舌边尖红苔薄白",
      "en": "Red tongue tip and edges with thin white coating"
    },
    "pulse": {
      "type": "浮数",
      "zh": "脉浮数",
      "en": "Floating and rapid pulse"
    },
    "etiology_zh": "温热邪气从口鼻或皮毛而入，侵袭肺卫",
    "pathomechanism_zh": "温邪袭表，肺卫失宣，卫气被郁",
    "treatment_principle": {
      "zh": "辛凉解表，宣肺透邪",
      "en": "Acrid-cool release of the exterior, diffuse the lung and vent the pathogen"
    },
    "organ_systems": [
      "lung"
    ],
    "verification": {
      "status": "draft",
      "reviewer": "Bencao Dian Editorial",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-04-09"
    }
  },
  {
    "key": "qi_fen_zheng",
    "slug": "qi-fen-zheng",
    "name_zh": "气分证",
    "name_pinyin": "Qì Fēn Zhèng",
    "name_en": "Qi-level Pattern",
    "category": "卫气营血辨证",
    "cardinal_symptoms": [
      {
        "zh": "壮热不恶寒反恶热",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "汗多口渴",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "面赤心烦",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "小便短赤",
        "is_primary": true
      }
    ],
    "secondary_symptoms": [
      {
        "zh": "气粗息促",
        "is_primary": false
      },
      {
        "zh": "大便秘结",
        "is_primary": false
      }
    ],
    "tongue": {
      "body": "红",
      "coating": "黄",
      "zh": "舌红苔黄",
      "en": "Red tongue with yellow coating"
    },
    "pulse": {
      "type": "洪大或滑数",
      "zh": "脉洪大或滑数",
      "en": "Surging large or slippery rapid pulse"
    },
    "etiology_zh": "温邪不解，由卫入气，或直入气分，里热炽盛",
    "pathomechanism_zh": "邪热内传气分，里热炽盛，热迫津泄，气机壅滞",
    "treatment_principle": {
      "zh": "清热泻火，生津止渴",
      "en": "Clear heat and drain fire, generate fluids and stop thirst"
    },
    "organ_systems": [
      "stomach",
      "lung"
    ],
    "verification": {
      "status": "draft",
      "reviewer": "Bencao Dian Editorial",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-04-09"
    }
  },
  {
    "key": "ying_fen_zheng",
    "slug": "ying-fen-zheng",
    "name_zh": "营分证",
    "name_pinyin": "Yíng Fēn Zhèng",
    "name_en": "Ying-level (Nutritive) Pattern",
    "category": "卫气营血辨证",
    "cardinal_symptoms": [
      {
        "zh": "身热夜甚",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "心烦不寐",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "时有谵语",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "斑疹隐隐",
        "is_primary": true
      }
    ],
    "secondary_symptoms": [
      {
        "zh": "口反不甚渴",
        "is_primary": false
      },
      {
        "zh": "神昏",
        "is_primary": false
      }
    ],
    "tongue": {
      "body": "红绛",
      "coating": "少苔",
      "zh": "舌红绛少苔",
      "en": "Crimson tongue with scanty coating"
    },
    "pulse": {
      "type": "细数",
      "zh": "脉细数",
      "en": "Thin and rapid pulse"
    },
    "etiology_zh": "温热邪气由气分内传营分，或邪气直入营分，热灼营阴",
    "pathomechanism_zh": "热入营分，营阴受灼，心神被扰，血络外涌",
    "treatment_principle": {
      "zh": "清营泄热，透热转气",
      "en": "Clear ying-level and drain heat, vent heat outward to qi-level"
    },
    "organ_systems": [
      "pericardium",
      "heart"
    ],
    "verification": {
      "status": "draft",
      "reviewer": "Bencao Dian Editorial",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-04-09"
    }
  },
  {
    "key": "xue_fen_zheng",
    "slug": "xue-fen-zheng",
    "name_zh": "血分证",
    "name_pinyin": "Xuè Fēn Zhèng",
    "name_en": "Xue-level (Blood) Pattern",
    "category": "卫气营血辨证",
    "cardinal_symptoms": [
      {
        "zh": "身灼热",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "躁扰昏狂",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "斑疹紫黑",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "吐血衄血便血",
        "is_primary": true
      }
    ],
    "secondary_symptoms": [
      {
        "zh": "四肢抽搐",
        "is_primary": false
      },
      {
        "zh": "尿血",
        "is_primary": false
      }
    ],
    "tongue": {
      "body": "深绛",
      "coating": "少苔或无苔",
      "zh": "舌深绛少苔",
      "en": "Deep crimson tongue with scanty or no coating"
    },
    "pulse": {
      "type": "细数",
      "zh": "脉细数",
      "en": "Thin and rapid pulse"
    },
    "etiology_zh": "温热邪气深入血分，热毒炽盛，灼伤血络",
    "pathomechanism_zh": "热盛动血，迫血妄行，耗血伤阴，甚则内陷心包",
    "treatment_principle": {
      "zh": "凉血散血，清热解毒",
      "en": "Cool the blood and disperse blood stasis, clear heat and resolve toxin"
    },
    "organ_systems": [
      "liver",
      "kidney",
      "heart"
    ],
    "verification": {
      "status": "draft",
      "reviewer": "Bencao Dian Editorial",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-04-09"
    }
  },
  {
    "key": "shang_jiao_shi_re",
    "slug": "shang-jiao-shi-re",
    "name_zh": "上焦湿热证",
    "name_pinyin": "Shàng Jiāo Shī Rè Zhèng",
    "name_en": "Upper Burner Damp-Heat Pattern",
    "category": "三焦辨证",
    "cardinal_symptoms": [
      {
        "zh": "头重身困",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "午后发热",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "胸闷脘痞",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "咳嗽",
        "is_primary": true
      }
    ],
    "secondary_symptoms": [
      {
        "zh": "面色淡黄",
        "is_primary": false
      },
      {
        "zh": "口不渴或渴不欲饮",
        "is_primary": false
      }
    ],
    "tongue": {
      "body": "淡红",
      "coating": "白腻",
      "zh": "舌苔白腻",
      "en": "White greasy coating"
    },
    "pulse": {
      "type": "濡数",
      "zh": "脉濡数",
      "en": "Soggy and rapid pulse"
    },
    "etiology_zh": "湿热之邪从口鼻或皮毛而入，侵袭上焦肺卫",
    "pathomechanism_zh": "湿热郁遏上焦，肺气失宣，卫阳被困，湿遏热伏",
    "treatment_principle": {
      "zh": "宣畅气机，清利湿热",
      "en": "Diffuse and free qi movement, clear and drain damp-heat"
    },
    "organ_systems": [
      "lung"
    ],
    "verification": {
      "status": "draft",
      "reviewer": "Bencao Dian Editorial",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-04-09"
    }
  },
  {
    "key": "zhong_jiao_shi_re",
    "slug": "zhong-jiao-shi-re",
    "name_zh": "中焦湿热证",
    "name_pinyin": "Zhōng Jiāo Shī Rè Zhèng",
    "name_en": "Middle Burner Damp-Heat Pattern",
    "category": "三焦辨证",
    "cardinal_symptoms": [
      {
        "zh": "身热不扬",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "脘腹胀满",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "恶心呕吐",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "大便溏薄或黏滞不爽",
        "is_primary": true
      }
    ],
    "secondary_symptoms": [
      {
        "zh": "肢体困重",
        "is_primary": false
      },
      {
        "zh": "小便短黄",
        "is_primary": false
      }
    ],
    "tongue": {
      "body": "红",
      "coating": "黄腻",
      "zh": "舌红苔黄腻",
      "en": "Red tongue with yellow greasy coating"
    },
    "pulse": {
      "type": "濡数",
      "zh": "脉濡数",
      "en": "Soggy and rapid pulse"
    },
    "etiology_zh": "湿热内蕴中焦，或外感湿热，或饮食不节，脾胃运化失司",
    "pathomechanism_zh": "湿热蕴结脾胃，升降失常，气机壅滞，湿热交蒸",
    "treatment_principle": {
      "zh": "辛开苦降，清热化湿",
      "en": "Acrid-opening and bitter-draining, clear heat and transform dampness"
    },
    "organ_systems": [
      "spleen",
      "stomach"
    ],
    "verification": {
      "status": "draft",
      "reviewer": "Bencao Dian Editorial",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-04-09"
    }
  },
  {
    "key": "xia_jiao_shi_re",
    "slug": "xia-jiao-shi-re",
    "name_zh": "下焦湿热证",
    "name_pinyin": "Xià Jiāo Shī Rè Zhèng",
    "name_en": "Lower Burner Damp-Heat Pattern",
    "category": "三焦辨证",
    "cardinal_symptoms": [
      {
        "zh": "小便短赤涩痛",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "大便赤白黏液或肛门灼热",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "少腹胀痛",
        "is_primary": true
      },
      {
        "zh": "下肢浮肿",
        "is_primary": true
      }
    ],
    "secondary_symptoms": [
      {
        "zh": "身热口渴",
        "is_primary": false
      },
      {
        "zh": "带下黄稠",
        "is_primary": false
      }
    ],
    "tongue": {
      "body": "红",
      "coating": "黄腻",
      "zh": "舌红苔黄腻",
      "en": "Red tongue with yellow greasy coating"
    },
    "pulse": {
      "type": "滑数或濡数",
      "zh": "脉滑数或濡数",
      "en": "Slippery rapid or soggy rapid pulse"
    },
    "etiology_zh": "湿热之邪下注下焦，或中焦湿热下流，蕴结膀胱大肠",
    "pathomechanism_zh": "湿热下注膀胱大肠，气化失司，传导失常，脉络受灼",
    "treatment_principle": {
      "zh": "清热利湿",
      "en": "Clear heat and drain dampness"
    },
    "organ_systems": [
      "bladder",
      "large_intestine",
      "kidney"
    ],
    "verification": {
      "status": "draft",
      "reviewer": "Bencao Dian Editorial",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-04-09"
    }
  }
]