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长于活血化瘀，消食化浊降脂，多用于瘀血经闭、高脂血症、胸痹
酸味减弱，长于消食化积，多用于肉食积滞、脘腹胀满
长于消食止泻止痢，多用于食积泄泻、痢疾
收涩止血止泻，多用于便血、久泻久痢
消食导滞常用9–12g；活血化瘀、降脂可用至15–30g；小儿减量。生用活血化瘀，炒用消食化积，焦用止泻止痢。
For educational reference only — not medical advice.
山楂（Crataegus）富含低聚原花青素及黄酮类化合物，是西方植物药中具 RCT 证据的心力衰竭辅助药物；同时富含有机酸与消化酶促进因子，对应中医消食化积之功。
Hawthorn (Crataegus) is rich in oligomeric procyanidins and flavonoids (vitexin-rhamnoside, hyperoside) and is one of the few Western botanicals with RCT-level evidence as an adjunct in chronic heart failure; its organic acid and digestive-enzyme-promoting profile also supports the TCM claim of resolving food stagnation.
WHO 专著收录 Folium cum Flore Crataegi，支持其用于早期心功能不全（NYHA I–II）的辅助治疗。
WHO monograph on Folium cum Flore Crataegi supports its use as an adjunct in early cardiac insufficiency (NYHA I–II).
Brinker 指出山楂可能增强地高辛及其他心血管药效应，理论上存在药物相互作用，应医护监护下使用。
Brinker notes that hawthorn may potentiate digoxin and other cardiovascular medications; theoretical interactions warrant medical supervision.
Chen & Chen 综述焦山楂更擅消食止泻，生山楂偏活血化瘀降脂。
Chen & Chen note that charred Shan Zha is preferred for food stagnation/diarrhea while raw Shan Zha emphasizes blood-moving and lipid-lowering effects.
This section is provided for academic reference only and does not constitute medical advice.
脾胃虚弱而无积滞者、胃酸过多者慎服。孕妇慎用（其行气散瘀之力可能动胎）。不宜空腹及长期大量服用，以免损伤胃气、蚀齿。
含枸橼酸、山楂酸等有机酸，空腹或过量服用可刺激胃黏膜，胃酸过多、胃溃疡者忌空腹服。孕妇慎用。未成熟果实含较多鞣酸与果胶，易与胃酸结合形成胃石。
《神农本草经》未载山楂专条，后世本草及《本草纲目》集解引前贤论其消肉食积滞、化瘀血之功。
@misc{bencaodian-shan-zha,
author = {{Bencaodian Editorial}},
title = {Shān Zhā 山楂 (Hawthorn Fruit) — Crataegi Fructus},
year = {2026},
howpublished = {Bencao Dian: A Bilingual Knowledge Graph of Traditional Chinese Medicine},
url = {https://bencaodian.org/en/herbs/shan-zha},
urldate = {2026-04-09},
note = {CC BY-SA 4.0}
}