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The dried root and rhizome of Veratrum nigrum (Liliaceae). Enters the Lung, Stomach, and Liver channels. Bitter, pungent, cold, and highly toxic. Induces violent vomiting of wind-phlegm and kills parasites topically. Subject to Eighteen Antagonisms restrictions. Virtually obsolete in modern internal medicine due to extreme toxicity.
涌吐风痰
内服0.3-0.6g入丸散；外用适量研末调敷。现代极少内服。
Reference range for non-pregnant adults. Not a personalized prescription. Pregnancy, lactation, and pediatric use require specialist supervision.
Protective guidance only — when to avoid or use with caution. This block deliberately omits pregnancy, lactation, and pediatric dosing: any such use must be managed by a qualified TCM practitioner or appropriate specialist.
剧毒，正气虚弱者禁用。孕妇禁用。不宜与诸参、芍药、细辛同用（十八反）。
剧毒药物！藜芦含多种甾体生物碱（藜芦碱、芥芬胺等），极小剂量即可引起剧烈呕吐，过量致严重心律失常（心动过缓、房室传导阻滞）、血压骤降、呼吸抑制，可致死亡。中毒救治困难。十八反明确规定不可与人参、沙参、丹参、玄参、苦参、细辛、芍药同用。现代几乎不用于内服。
味辛，寒。主蛊毒，咳逆，泄痢，肠辟，头疡，疥瘙，恶疮，杀诸虫毒，去死肌。
下品
@misc{bencaodian-li-lu,
author = {{Bencaodian Editorial}},
title = {Lí Lú 藜芦 (Veratrum Root) — Veratri Nigri Radix et Rhizoma},
year = {2026},
howpublished = {Bencao Dian: A Bilingual Knowledge Graph of Traditional Chinese Medicine},
url = {https://bencaodian.org/en/herbs/li-lu},
urldate = {2026-04-16},
note = {CC BY-SA 4.0}
}© Bencaodian Editorial · Licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0
藜芦含藜芦碱等甾体生物碱，作用于钠通道与迷走神经，致呕吐、心动过缓、低血压。环杷明为 Hedgehog 信号通路抑制剂，已用于抗肿瘤研究。
Li lu contains steroidal alkaloids (veratridine, jervine, cyclopamine) acting on sodium channels and vagal tone, causing emesis, bradycardia, and hypotension. Cyclopamine is a Hedgehog pathway inhibitor studied in oncology.
《中国药典》规定藜芦碱限量，并强调十八反配伍禁忌。
Chinese Pharmacopoeia specifies veratridine limits and emphasizes Eighteen Antagonisms contraindications.
This section is provided for academic reference only and does not constitute medical advice.