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The dried ripe fruit of Aristolochia contorta or A. debilis (Aristolochiaceae). Enters the Lung and Large Intestine channels. Bitter and cold, it clears the Lung, directs qi downward, and transforms phlegm to stop cough. However, because it contains aristolochic acid with severe nephrotoxicity and carcinogenicity, it has been banned or strictly regulated in many countries. This entry is for academic reference only.
传统认为增润肺止咳力，但不能消除马兜铃酸毒性
传统煎服3–9g。因马兜铃酸毒性，现已严格限制使用，多数地区已禁用。
Reference range for non-pregnant adults. Not a personalized prescription. Pregnancy, lactation, and pediatric use require specialist supervision.
Protective guidance only — when to avoid or use with caution. This block deliberately omits pregnancy, lactation, and pediatric dosing: any such use must be managed by a qualified TCM practitioner or appropriate specialist.
本品含马兜铃酸，有严重肾毒性和致癌性（尿路上皮癌），2003年起中国药监部门已取消含马兜铃酸药材的多数制剂。临床应极其慎用或禁用，严禁长期使用。虚寒咳喘忌用。孕妇禁用。
严重警告：本品含马兜铃酸（aristolochic acid），已被证实具有严重肾毒性（马兜铃酸肾病）和致癌性（上尿路上皮癌、膀胱癌、肝癌风险增加）。即使小剂量、短期使用亦可造成不可逆肾损伤。2003年中国SFDA取消关木通、广防己、青木香药用标准；2004年取消含马兜铃酸中药制剂的多数注册。国际多国已全面禁止含马兜铃酸药材。本词条收录仅为学术参考之目的，不构成使用建议。
马兜铃味苦寒，主肺热咳嗽，痰壅喘促。
@misc{bencaodian-ma-dou-ling,
author = {{Bencaodian Editorial}},
title = {Mǎ Dōu Líng 马兜铃 (Aristolochia Fruit) — Aristolochiae Fructus},
year = {2026},
howpublished = {Bencao Dian: A Bilingual Knowledge Graph of Traditional Chinese Medicine},
url = {https://bencaodian.org/en/herbs/ma-dou-ling},
urldate = {2026-04-16},
note = {CC BY-SA 4.0}
}© Bencaodian Editorial · Licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0
马兜铃含马兜铃酸I/II，已被IARC列为1类致癌物，可致马兜铃酸肾病和尿路上皮癌。
Aristolochia fruit contains aristolochic acids I/II, classified as Group 1 carcinogens by IARC, causing aristolochic acid nephropathy and urothelial carcinoma.
WHO已将马兜铃酸列为明确致癌物，建议各国禁用含马兜铃酸药材。
WHO has classified aristolochic acid as a confirmed carcinogen and recommends banning AA-containing herbs.
This section is provided for academic reference only and does not constitute medical advice.