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发汗解表、利水消肿之力强
缓和辛散之性，润肺止咳平喘力胜，多用于表证已解而咳喘未愈
发汗解表宜生用；平喘止咳多蜜炙；一般用2–9g，体质虚弱及老人儿童宜减量
For educational reference only — not medical advice.
麻黄主含麻黄碱类拟交感胺生物碱，具支气管扩张、升压、发汗、利尿及中枢兴奋作用。
Ephedra contains ephedrine-type sympathomimetic alkaloids producing bronchodilation, pressor, diaphoretic, diuretic, and CNS-stimulant effects.
麻黄碱具明显心血管和中枢兴奋作用；禁用于高血压、冠心病、甲亢、青光眼、前列腺肥大及与 MAO-I 合用；美国等多个司法辖区已限制或禁止膳食补充剂使用。
Ephedrine has marked cardiovascular and CNS stimulation; contraindicated in hypertension, coronary disease, hyperthyroidism, glaucoma, prostatic hypertrophy, and with MAO-inhibitors; dietary supplement use is restricted or banned in the US and other jurisdictions.
麻黄碱激动 α 和 β 肾上腺素受体，产生支气管扩张和升压作用；总碱量显著影响剂量。
Ephedrine activates α- and β-adrenergic receptors, producing bronchodilation and pressor effects; total alkaloid content critically determines dosing.
麻黄辛温发汗解表、宣肺平喘、利水消肿，表虚、阴虚及高血压者忌用。
Acrid-warm, releases exterior, diffuses lung qi to stop wheezing, and promotes urination; contraindicated in exterior deficiency, yin deficiency, and hypertension.
《中国药典》规定麻黄碱和伪麻黄碱总量不得少于 0.80%。
Chinese Pharmacopoeia requires combined ephedrine and pseudoephedrine ≥0.80%.
This section is provided for academic reference only and does not constitute medical advice.
Documented interactions exist with the following Western drug classes. Click to view mechanism, severity, and clinical recommendations.
表虚自汗、阴虚盗汗、肺虚作喘者均忌服。高血压、心脏病、失眠及甲亢患者慎用。
本品含麻黄碱，能兴奋中枢神经、升高血压、加快心率。过量可致失眠、心悸、血压升高。运动员禁用（列入兴奋剂名单）。单胺氧化酶抑制剂服用者禁用。孕妇慎用。
味苦，温。主中风伤寒头痛，温疟，发表出汗，去邪热气，止咳逆上气，除寒热，破癥坚积聚。
中品
@misc{bencaodian-ma-huang,
author = {{Bencaodian Editorial}},
title = {Má Huáng 麻黄 (Ephedra) — Ephedrae Herba},
year = {2026},
howpublished = {Bencao Dian: A Bilingual Knowledge Graph of Traditional Chinese Medicine},
url = {https://bencaodian.org/en/herbs/ma-huang},
urldate = {2026-04-09},
note = {CC BY-SA 4.0}
}