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发汗解表、利水消肿之力强
缓和辛散之性，润肺止咳平喘力胜，多用于表证已解而咳喘未愈
发汗解表宜生用；平喘止咳多蜜炙；一般用2–9g，体质虚弱及老人儿童宜减量
本平台仅供学术参考，不构成医疗建议。
麻黄主含麻黄碱类拟交感胺生物碱，具支气管扩张、升压、发汗、利尿及中枢兴奋作用。
Ephedra contains ephedrine-type sympathomimetic alkaloids producing bronchodilation, pressor, diaphoretic, diuretic, and CNS-stimulant effects.
麻黄碱具明显心血管和中枢兴奋作用；禁用于高血压、冠心病、甲亢、青光眼、前列腺肥大及与 MAO-I 合用；美国等多个司法辖区已限制或禁止膳食补充剂使用。
Ephedrine has marked cardiovascular and CNS stimulation; contraindicated in hypertension, coronary disease, hyperthyroidism, glaucoma, prostatic hypertrophy, and with MAO-inhibitors; dietary supplement use is restricted or banned in the US and other jurisdictions.
麻黄碱激动 α 和 β 肾上腺素受体，产生支气管扩张和升压作用；总碱量显著影响剂量。
Ephedrine activates α- and β-adrenergic receptors, producing bronchodilation and pressor effects; total alkaloid content critically determines dosing.
麻黄辛温发汗解表、宣肺平喘、利水消肿，表虚、阴虚及高血压者忌用。
Acrid-warm, releases exterior, diffuses lung qi to stop wheezing, and promotes urination; contraindicated in exterior deficiency, yin deficiency, and hypertension.
《中国药典》规定麻黄碱和伪麻黄碱总量不得少于 0.80%。
Chinese Pharmacopoeia requires combined ephedrine and pseudoephedrine ≥0.80%.
本部分信息仅供学术参考，不构成医疗建议。
本品与下列西药存在文献记载之相互作用，点击查看详情、机制与临床建议。
表虚自汗、阴虚盗汗、肺虚作喘者均忌服。高血压、心脏病、失眠及甲亢患者慎用。
本品含麻黄碱，能兴奋中枢神经、升高血压、加快心率。过量可致失眠、心悸、血压升高。运动员禁用（列入兴奋剂名单）。单胺氧化酶抑制剂服用者禁用。孕妇慎用。
味苦，温。主中风伤寒头痛，温疟，发表出汗，去邪热气，止咳逆上气，除寒热，破癥坚积聚。
中品
@misc{bencaodian-ma-huang,
author = {{Bencaodian Editorial}},
title = {Má Huáng 麻黄 (Ephedra) — Ephedrae Herba},
year = {2026},
howpublished = {Bencao Dian: A Bilingual Knowledge Graph of Traditional Chinese Medicine},
url = {https://bencaodian.org/zh/herbs/ma-huang},
urldate = {2026-04-09},
note = {CC BY-SA 4.0}
}