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弦长实大脉牢坚，牢位常居沉伏间。
—— 濒湖脉学 · 牢脉 · 体状诗
Wiry, long, full, and large—the firm pulse holds fast; its seat lies between the deep and the hidden levels.
沉按实大弦长，坚牢不移。位沉而脉形长大弦实。
On heavy pressure it is full, large, wiry, and long—firmly anchored and unmoving. Situated deep, it is long and large in body, with a wiry excess quality.
主阴寒内实、疝气癥瘕。寒邪深伏，或气血积聚于内，故脉沉而实大坚牢。
Indicates internal excess of yin-cold, hernia, and abdominal masses. Cold pathogen lodging deeply, or qi and blood gathering within, produces a pulse that is deep yet full, large, and firmly anchored.
@misc{bencaodian-lao-mai,
author = {{Bencaodian Editorial}},
title = {Láo mài 牢脉 (Firm)},
year = {2026},
howpublished = {Bencao Dian: A Bilingual Knowledge Graph of Traditional Chinese Medicine},
url = {https://bencaodian.org/zh/pulses/lao-mai},
urldate = {2026-04-09},
note = {CC BY-SA 4.0}
}