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《伤寒论》治外感风邪、邪热壅肺证之主方。证见身热不解、咳逆气急甚则鼻煽、口渴、有汗或无汗、舌红苔薄白或黄、脉浮数。本方由麻黄汤去桂枝、加石膏而成，辛温变辛凉，以清宣肺热为要。
| 本草 | 君臣佐使 | 剂量 | 说明 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 麻黄Má Huáng | 君Sovereign | 5g | 宣肺平喘，发散外邪，为君药 |
| 石膏Shí Gāo | 君Sovereign | 18g | 辛甘大寒，清泄肺热，制约麻黄之温，与麻黄相配辛凉宣泄 |
| 杏仁Xìng Rén | 臣Minister | 9g | 降气止咳平喘，与麻黄一宣一降 |
| 甘草Gān Cǎo | 使Envoy | 6g | 益气和中，调和诸药 |
水煎服。石膏先煎。
@misc{bencaodian-ma-xing-shi-gan-tang,
author = {{Bencaodian Editorial}},
title = {Má Xìng Shí Gān Tāng 麻杏甘石汤 (Ephedra, Apricot Kernel, Gypsum and Licorice Decoction)},
year = {2026},
howpublished = {Bencao Dian: A Bilingual Knowledge Graph of Traditional Chinese Medicine},
url = {https://bencaodian.org/zh/formulas/ma-xing-shi-gan-tang},
urldate = {2026-04-09},
note = {CC BY-SA 4.0}
}