肾阳虚证

Cardinal Symptoms · 主症

• soreness, weakness, and cold pain of the lower back and knees
• aversion to cold and cold limbs, especially the lower limbs
• listlessness and low spirits
• impotence and male infertility, or infertility due to cold uterus
• clear copious urination with frequent nocturia

Secondary Symptoms · 次症

• bright pale or dark soot-black complexion
• daybreak diarrhea
• edema of the lower limbs

Pathomechanism · 病机

Kidney yang is vacuous and depleted, failing to warm and steam; qi transformation loses its authority.