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Formula清热剂· 清脏腑热

龙胆泻肝汤

Lóng Dǎn Xiè Gān Tāng

Gentian Decoction to Drain the Liver

The representative formula for clearing Liver-Gallbladder repletion fire and draining Liver-channel damp-heat. Indicated for Liver fire flaring upward causing headache, red eyes, rib pain, and bitter taste, or Liver-channel damp-heat pouring downward causing genital swelling and itching, turbid painful urination, or leukorrhea. Uses long dan cao as chief with concurrent clearing, draining, and supplementing.

Source《医方集解》泻火之剂

Treatment Principle

清肝胆实火，泻下焦湿热

Clear Liver–Gallbladder repletion fire; drain damp-heat from the lower burner

Formula Rhyme

龙胆泻肝栀芩柴，生地车前泽泻偕。木通甘草当归合，肝经湿热力能排。

—— 方剂学 (中医药出版社)

Composition · 组成

Herb	Role	Dosage	Notes
龙胆草Lóng Dǎn Cǎo	君Sovereign	6g	大苦大寒，上泻肝胆实火，下清下焦湿热，为君
黄芩Huáng Qín	臣Minister	9g	清肝胆湿热，助龙胆草泻火
栀子Zhī Zǐ	臣Minister	9g	清三焦火，导热下行
泽泻Zé Xiè	佐Assistant	9g	渗湿泄热
车前子Chē Qián Zǐ	佐Assistant	9g	清热利水，使湿热从小便出
生地黄Shēng Dì Huáng	佐Assistant	9g	凉血滋阴，防苦寒渗利伤阴
当归Dāng Guī	佐Assistant	3g	养血柔肝，与生地配合防苦燥伤血
柴胡Chái Hú	佐Assistant	6g	疏畅肝胆气机，并引诸药入肝经
甘草Gān Cǎo	使Courier	6g	调和诸药，缓苦寒之性

Modifications · 加减

原方配伍说明
《医方集解》原方另有木通6g，以通利湿热；现代临床因马兜铃酸风险多以通草或川木通代替，临床可酌加通草3–6g。
头痛目赤、耳聋耳肿
+ 菊花、夏枯草
肝胆火旺上炎
阴囊湿疹、带下黄臭
+ 苦参、黄柏
肝经湿热下注

Treats Patterns · 主治证型

下焦湿热证

Xià Jiāo Shī Rè Zhèng

Lower Burner Damp-Heat Pattern

肝气郁结证

Gān Qì Yù Jié Zhèng

Liver Qi Stagnation Pattern

Preparation · 煎服法

水煎服。

Editor-reviewed· 2026-04-17

PractitionerPatientDate

龙胆泻肝汤Lóng Dǎn Xiè Gān Tāng

Gentian Decoction to Drain the Liver

Herb	Pinyin	Role	Dose
龙胆草	Lóng Dǎn Cǎo	Jun (Sovereign)	6g
黄芩	Huáng Qín	Chen (Minister)	9g
栀子	Zhī Zǐ	Chen (Minister)	9g
泽泻	Zé Xiè	Zuo (Assistant)	9g
车前子	Chē Qián Zǐ	Zuo (Assistant)	9g
生地黄	Shēng Dì Huáng	Zuo (Assistant)	9g
当归	Dāng Guī	Zuo (Assistant)	3g
柴胡	Chái Hú	Zuo (Assistant)	6g
甘草	Gān Cǎo	Shi (Courier)	6g

Preparation: 水煎服。

This prescription is provided only by the dispensing TCM practitioner. Take as directed; do not modify the dose or share it. If you experience any adverse effect, stop immediately and contact your practitioner. The content of this platform is educational reference, not medical advice.
Bencao Dian · https://bencaodian.org · CC BY-SA 4.0

Permalink · CC BY-SA 4.0

Cite this entry

@misc{bencaodian-long-dan-xie-gan-tang,
  author       = {{Bencaodian Editorial}},
  title        = {Lóng Dǎn Xiè Gān Tāng 龙胆泻肝汤 (Gentian Decoction to Drain the Liver)},
  year         = {2026},
  howpublished = {Bencao Dian: A Bilingual Knowledge Graph of Traditional Chinese Medicine},
  url          = {https://bencaodian.org/en/formulas/long-dan-xie-gan-tang},
  urldate      = {2026-04-17},
  note         = {CC BY-SA 4.0}
}

Permalink is fixed

Herb

Role

Dosage

Notes

龙胆草Lóng Dǎn Cǎo

君Sovereign

大苦大寒，上泻肝胆实火，下清下焦湿热，为君

清肝胆湿热，助龙胆草泻火

清三焦火，导热下行

渗湿泄热

清热利水，使湿热从小便出

凉血滋阴，防苦寒渗利伤阴

养血柔肝，与生地配合防苦燥伤血

疏畅肝胆气机，并引诸药入肝经

调和诸药，缓苦寒之性

Modifications · 加减

原方配伍说明

《医方集解》原方另有木通6g，以通利湿热；现代临床因马兜铃酸风险多以通草或川木通代替，临床可酌加通草3–6g。

头痛目赤、耳聋耳肿

+ 菊花、夏枯草

肝胆火旺上炎

阴囊湿疹、带下黄臭

+ 苦参、黄柏

肝经湿热下注

Herb

Pinyin

Role

Dose

龙胆草

Lóng Dǎn Cǎo

Jun (Sovereign)

黄芩

Huáng Qín

Chen (Minister)

栀子

Zhī Zǐ

Chen (Minister)

泽泻

Zé Xiè

Zuo (Assistant)

车前子

Chē Qián Zǐ

Zuo (Assistant)

生地黄

Shēng Dì Huáng

Zuo (Assistant)

当归

Dāng Guī

Zuo (Assistant)

柴胡

Chái Hú

Zuo (Assistant)

甘草

Gān Cǎo

Shi (Courier)

@misc{bencaodian-long-dan-xie-gan-tang, author = {{Bencaodian Editorial}}, title = {Lóng Dǎn Xiè Gān Tāng 龙胆泻肝汤 (Gentian Decoction to Drain the Liver)}, year = {2026}, howpublished = {Bencao Dian: A Bilingual Knowledge Graph of Traditional Chinese Medicine}, url = {https://bencaodian.org/en/formulas/long-dan-xie-gan-tang}, urldate = {2026-04-17}, note = {CC BY-SA 4.0} }