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The dried immature fruit of Citrus aurantium and its cultivars or C. sinensis (Rutaceae). Enters the Spleen, Stomach, and Large Intestine channels. Bitter, pungent, sour, and slightly warm, it is the key herb for breaking up qi stagnation and dispersing accumulation. Used with da huang, mang xiao, and hou po in Da Cheng Qi Tang to treat yang-brightness bowel repletion.
破气消积之力峻猛
缓和峻烈之性，长于理气和胃，消食化痰
煎服3–10g，大剂量可用至15–30g（治脏器下垂）；破气消积宜生用，和胃消痞宜麸炒
Reference range for non-pregnant adults. Not a personalized prescription. Pregnancy, lactation, and pediatric use require specialist supervision.
Protective guidance only — when to avoid or use with caution. This block deliberately omits pregnancy, lactation, and pediatric dosing: any such use must be managed by a qualified TCM practitioner or appropriate specialist.
孕妇及脾胃虚弱、气虚者慎用。
破气力强，孕妇及气血虚弱者慎用。大剂量可致胃肠不适。现代研究示其有强心升压作用，过敏者慎用。
味苦，寒。主大风在皮肤中，如麻豆苦痒，除寒热结，止痢，长肌肉，利五脏，益气轻身。
中品
@misc{bencaodian-zhi-shi,
author = {{Bencaodian Editorial}},
title = {Zhǐ Shí 枳实 (Immature Bitter Orange) — Aurantii Fructus Immaturus},
year = {2026},
howpublished = {Bencao Dian: A Bilingual Knowledge Graph of Traditional Chinese Medicine},
url = {https://bencaodian.org/en/herbs/zhi-shi},
urldate = {2026-04-17},
note = {CC BY-SA 4.0}
}© Bencaodian Editorial · Licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0
枳实含辛弗林、N-甲基酪胺等拟交感胺及黄酮类成分，具有促进胃肠蠕动、升压、强心及改善子宫脱垂的作用；心血管疾病及高血压患者慎用。
Citrus aurantium immature fruit contains sympathomimetic amines (synephrine, N-methyltyramine) and flavonoids producing prokinetic, pressor, cardiotonic and uterine/rectal prolapse-reducing effects; caution is warranted in cardiovascular disease and hypertension.
Brinker 警示辛弗林与单胺氧化酶抑制剂及咖啡因合用有心血管风险。
Brinker warns of cardiovascular risk when synephrine is combined with MAO inhibitors or caffeine.
Chen & Chen 引述枳实注射液在中国用于感染性休克升压，具辛弗林拟交感作用基础。
Chen & Chen cite Zhi Shi injection used in China as a pressor in septic shock, mediated by synephrine's sympathomimetic action.
《中国药典》以辛弗林和橙皮苷为含量测定指标。
The Chinese Pharmacopoeia uses synephrine and hesperidin as assay markers.
This section is provided for academic reference only and does not constitute medical advice.